Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	13
Number of observations	1139
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	115.8 KiB
Average record size in memory	104.1 B

Variable types

Numeric	13

Warnings

`fixed acidity` is highly correlated with `citric acid` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`volatile acidity` is highly correlated with `citric acid`	High correlation
`citric acid` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`free sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `total sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`total sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `free sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`density` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`pH` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`alcohol` is highly correlated with `density`	High correlation
`fixed acidity` is highly correlated with `citric acid` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`volatile acidity` is highly correlated with `citric acid`	High correlation
`citric acid` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`free sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `total sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`total sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `free sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`density` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity`	High correlation
`pH` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`alcohol` is highly correlated with `quality`	High correlation
`quality` is highly correlated with `alcohol`	High correlation
`fixed acidity` is highly correlated with `pH`	High correlation
`free sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `total sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`total sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `free sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`pH` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity`	High correlation
`df_index` is highly correlated with `density` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`free sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `total sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`sulphates` is highly correlated with `citric acid` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`pH` is highly correlated with `density` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`density` is highly correlated with `df_index` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`fixed acidity` is highly correlated with `df_index` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`citric acid` is highly correlated with `sulphates` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`total sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `free sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`alcohol` is highly correlated with `pH` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`chlorides` is highly correlated with `sulphates` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`df_index` has unique values	Unique
`citric acid` has 106 (9.3%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2021-05-22 10:57:58.603899
Analysis finished	2021-05-22 10:58:52.109624
Duration	53.51 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.0.0
Download configuration	config.json

df_index
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
UNIQUE

Distinct	1139
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	788.451273

Minimum	1
Maximum	1598
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	66.9
Q1	375.5
median	773
Q3	1193.5
95-th percentile	1528.1
Maximum	1598
Range	1597
Interquartile range (IQR)	818

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	470.5202595
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5967651719
Kurtosis	-1.22841138
Mean	788.451273
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	408
Skewness	0.03707365356
Sum	898046
Variance	221389.3146
Monotonicity	Strictly increasing

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	0.1%
1064	1	0.1%
1073	1	0.1%
1072	1	0.1%
1070	1	0.1%
1069	1	0.1%
1066	1	0.1%
1065	1	0.1%
1063	1	0.1%
1076	1	0.1%
Other values (1129)	1129	99.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	0.1%
2	1	0.1%
3	1	0.1%
5	1	0.1%
6	1	0.1%
7	1	0.1%
8	1	0.1%
10	1	0.1%
12	1	0.1%
13	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1598	1	0.1%
1597	1	0.1%
1595	1	0.1%
1594	1	0.1%
1593	1	0.1%
1591	1	0.1%
1590	1	0.1%
1589	1	0.1%
1588	1	0.1%
1587	1	0.1%

fixed acidity
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	93
Distinct (%)	8.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	8.287884109

Minimum	4.6
Maximum	15.9
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	4.6
5-th percentile	6.1
Q1	7.1
median	7.9
Q3	9.2
95-th percentile	11.7
Maximum	15.9
Range	11.3
Interquartile range (IQR)	2.1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.725695601
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2082190796
Kurtosis	0.9416591529
Mean	8.287884109
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	0.8895824737
Sum	9439.9
Variance	2.978025308
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7.8	44	3.9%
7	40	3.5%
7.6	36	3.2%
7.2	36	3.2%
7.1	35	3.1%
7.5	34	3.0%
7.9	34	3.0%
8	32	2.8%
7.7	31	2.7%
7.3	30	2.6%
Other values (83)	787	69.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4.6	1	0.1%
4.7	1	0.1%
4.9	1	0.1%
5	6	0.5%
5.1	4	0.4%
5.2	4	0.4%
5.3	4	0.4%
5.4	5	0.4%
5.5	1	0.1%
5.6	8	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
15.9	1	0.1%
15.6	2	0.2%
14.3	1	0.1%
14	1	0.1%
13.8	1	0.1%
13.5	1	0.1%
13.4	1	0.1%
13.3	3	0.3%
13.2	1	0.1%
13	1	0.1%

volatile acidity
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	139
Distinct (%)	12.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.5311720808

Minimum	0.16
Maximum	1.58
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.16
5-th percentile	0.27
Q1	0.39
median	0.52
Q3	0.645
95-th percentile	0.8705
Maximum	1.58
Range	1.42
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.255

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1882786942
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3544589427
Kurtosis	1.240553462
Mean	0.5311720808
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.13
Skewness	0.7776814335
Sum	605.005
Variance	0.03544886667
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.58	34	3.0%
0.4	33	2.9%
0.5	29	2.5%
0.42	29	2.5%
0.38	27	2.4%
0.39	27	2.4%
0.31	26	2.3%
0.49	25	2.2%
0.34	24	2.1%
0.56	24	2.1%
Other values (129)	861	75.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.16	2	0.2%
0.18	5	0.4%
0.19	2	0.2%
0.2	3	0.3%
0.21	4	0.4%
0.22	4	0.4%
0.23	5	0.4%
0.24	9	0.8%
0.25	7	0.6%
0.26	9	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.58	1	0.1%
1.33	2	0.2%
1.24	1	0.1%
1.185	1	0.1%
1.18	1	0.1%
1.13	1	0.1%
1.115	1	0.1%
1.09	1	0.1%
1.07	1	0.1%
1.04	3	0.3%

citric acid
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	80
Distinct (%)	7.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.273476734

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	106
Zeros (%)	9.3%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0.095
median	0.26
Q3	0.43
95-th percentile	0.6
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.335

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1963704762
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.7180518552
Kurtosis	-0.7937036894
Mean	0.273476734
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.17
Skewness	0.304091174
Sum	311.49
Variance	0.03856136391
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	106	9.3%
0.49	50	4.4%
0.24	33	2.9%
0.08	31	2.7%
0.02	29	2.5%
0.4	25	2.2%
0.1	24	2.1%
0.26	23	2.0%
0.31	22	1.9%
0.42	22	1.9%
Other values (70)	774	68.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	106	9.3%
0.01	17	1.5%
0.02	29	2.5%
0.03	18	1.6%
0.04	19	1.7%
0.05	16	1.4%
0.06	16	1.4%
0.07	13	1.1%
0.08	31	2.7%
0.09	20	1.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	0.1%
0.79	1	0.1%
0.78	1	0.1%
0.76	3	0.3%
0.75	1	0.1%
0.74	2	0.2%
0.73	1	0.1%
0.72	1	0.1%
0.71	1	0.1%
0.7	2	0.2%

residual sugar
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	82
Distinct (%)	7.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	2.493634767

Minimum	1.2
Maximum	15.5
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.2
5-th percentile	1.6
Q1	1.9
median	2.2
Q3	2.6
95-th percentile	4.51
Maximum	15.5
Range	14.3
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.7

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.257423074
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.504253105
Kurtosis	30.11981457
Mean	2.493634767
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.4
Skewness	4.517630559
Sum	2840.25
Variance	1.581112787
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	114	10.0%
2.2	89	7.8%
1.8	89	7.8%
2.1	83	7.3%
1.9	78	6.8%
2.5	65	5.7%
2.3	64	5.6%
2.6	63	5.5%
2.4	62	5.4%
1.6	54	4.7%
Other values (72)	378	33.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.2	6	0.5%
1.3	5	0.4%
1.4	24	2.1%
1.5	21	1.8%
1.6	54	4.7%
1.65	2	0.2%
1.7	52	4.6%
1.75	2	0.2%
1.8	89	7.8%
1.9	78	6.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
15.5	1	0.1%
13.9	1	0.1%
13.4	1	0.1%
12.9	1	0.1%
10.7	1	0.1%
9	1	0.1%
8.9	1	0.1%
8.6	1	0.1%
8.3	3	0.3%
7.9	1	0.1%

chlorides
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	150
Distinct (%)	13.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.08889727831

Minimum	0.034
Maximum	0.611
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.034
5-th percentile	0.052
Q1	0.069
median	0.079
Q3	0.091
95-th percentile	0.1521
Maximum	0.611
Range	0.577
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.022

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.05205890085
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5856073643
Kurtosis	35.43490675
Mean	0.08889727831
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.011
Skewness	5.310015644
Sum	101.254
Variance	0.002710129158
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.078	37	3.2%
0.08	37	3.2%
0.079	35	3.1%
0.084	33	2.9%
0.074	33	2.9%
0.075	30	2.6%
0.082	30	2.6%
0.07	29	2.5%
0.076	29	2.5%
0.081	29	2.5%
Other values (140)	817	71.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.034	1	0.1%
0.038	2	0.2%
0.039	4	0.4%
0.041	4	0.4%
0.042	3	0.3%
0.043	1	0.1%
0.044	5	0.4%
0.045	4	0.4%
0.046	4	0.4%
0.047	2	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.611	1	0.1%
0.61	1	0.1%
0.467	1	0.1%
0.464	1	0.1%
0.422	1	0.1%
0.415	1	0.1%
0.414	2	0.2%
0.413	1	0.1%
0.403	1	0.1%
0.401	1	0.1%

free sulfur dioxide
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	58
Distinct (%)	5.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	15.92976295

Minimum	1
Maximum	72
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	4
Q1	7
median	14
Q3	21
95-th percentile	35
Maximum	72
Range	71
Interquartile range (IQR)	14

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	10.39257462
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.6523998287
Kurtosis	1.717221049
Mean	15.92976295
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	7
Skewness	1.194146708
Sum	18144
Variance	108.0056072
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6	104	9.1%
5	72	6.3%
12	55	4.8%
15	54	4.7%
7	51	4.5%
10	48	4.2%
9	48	4.2%
16	46	4.0%
13	41	3.6%
17	41	3.6%
Other values (48)	579	50.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	0.1%
2	1	0.1%
3	33	2.9%
4	28	2.5%
5	72	6.3%
5.5	1	0.1%
6	104	9.1%
7	51	4.5%
8	39	3.4%
9	48	4.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
72	1	0.1%
66	1	0.1%
57	1	0.1%
54	1	0.1%
53	1	0.1%
52	3	0.3%
51	2	0.2%
50	2	0.2%
48	2	0.2%
47	1	0.1%

total sulfur dioxide
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	140
Distinct (%)	12.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	47.15276558

Minimum	6
Maximum	289
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	6
5-th percentile	11
Q1	22
median	38
Q3	63
95-th percentile	114.1
Maximum	289
Range	283
Interquartile range (IQR)	41

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	33.99345304
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.7209217236
Kurtosis	4.350239831
Mean	47.15276558
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	19
Skewness	1.584630373
Sum	53707
Variance	1155.55485
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
24	28	2.5%
14	27	2.4%
28	27	2.4%
20	27	2.4%
19	25	2.2%
12	23	2.0%
16	22	1.9%
13	22	1.9%
26	21	1.8%
18	21	1.8%
Other values (130)	896	78.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6	1	0.1%
7	4	0.4%
8	8	0.7%
9	12	1.1%
10	19	1.7%
11	18	1.6%
12	23	2.0%
13	22	1.9%
14	27	2.4%
15	21	1.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
289	1	0.1%
278	1	0.1%
165	1	0.1%
160	1	0.1%
155	1	0.1%
153	1	0.1%
152	1	0.1%
151	2	0.2%
149	1	0.1%
148	2	0.2%

density
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	400
Distinct (%)	35.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.9966482616

Minimum	0.9902
Maximum	1.0032
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.9902
5-th percentile	0.99354
Q1	0.99554
median	0.99666
Q3	0.9978
95-th percentile	0.9998
Maximum	1.0032
Range	0.013
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.00226

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.001834517257
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.001840686757
Kurtosis	0.6544878003
Mean	0.9966482616
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.00114
Skewness	0.0114171626
Sum	1135.18237
Variance	3.365453566 × 10^-6
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9968	31	2.7%
0.998	27	2.4%
0.9976	25	2.2%
0.9972	23	2.0%
0.9964	19	1.7%
0.9982	19	1.7%
0.9962	18	1.6%
0.997	18	1.6%
0.9978	18	1.6%
0.9966	17	1.5%
Other values (390)	924	81.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9902	1	0.1%
0.9908	1	0.1%
0.99084	1	0.1%
0.9912	1	0.1%
0.9915	1	0.1%
0.99154	1	0.1%
0.99157	1	0.1%
0.99162	1	0.1%
0.9917	1	0.1%
0.99182	2	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.0032	1	0.1%
1.00315	1	0.1%
1.00289	1	0.1%
1.0026	2	0.2%
1.0018	1	0.1%
1.0014	4	0.4%
1.001	6	0.5%
1.0008	3	0.3%
1.0006	4	0.4%
1.0004	5	0.4%

pH
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	87
Distinct (%)	7.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.308902546

Minimum	2.74
Maximum	4.01
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2.74
5-th percentile	3.06
Q1	3.21
median	3.31
Q3	3.4
95-th percentile	3.57
Maximum	4.01
Range	1.27
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.19

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1551792664
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.0468975028
Kurtosis	0.9968547701
Mean	3.308902546
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.1
Skewness	0.2736671599
Sum	3768.84
Variance	0.02408060473
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.26	37	3.2%
3.3	37	3.2%
3.34	37	3.2%
3.31	35	3.1%
3.38	35	3.1%
3.32	35	3.1%
3.39	33	2.9%
3.28	33	2.9%
3.36	31	2.7%
3.22	31	2.7%
Other values (77)	795	69.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.74	1	0.1%
2.86	1	0.1%
2.87	1	0.1%
2.88	2	0.2%
2.9	1	0.1%
2.92	2	0.2%
2.93	1	0.1%
2.94	2	0.2%
2.95	1	0.1%
2.98	5	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4.01	2	0.2%
3.9	2	0.2%
3.85	1	0.1%
3.78	2	0.2%
3.75	1	0.1%
3.74	1	0.1%
3.72	1	0.1%
3.71	2	0.2%
3.7	1	0.1%
3.68	3	0.3%

sulphates
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	93
Distinct (%)	8.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.6593064091

Minimum	0.33
Maximum	2
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.33
5-th percentile	0.48
Q1	0.55
median	0.62
Q3	0.72
95-th percentile	0.961
Maximum	2
Range	1.67
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.17

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.171697695
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2604216987
Kurtosis	10.24425283
Mean	0.6593064091
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.08
Skewness	2.366662472
Sum	750.95
Variance	0.02948009847
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.54	52	4.6%
0.6	48	4.2%
0.58	47	4.1%
0.62	46	4.0%
0.56	44	3.9%
0.53	41	3.6%
0.57	41	3.6%
0.61	37	3.2%
0.59	37	3.2%
0.55	35	3.1%
Other values (83)	711	62.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.33	1	0.1%
0.37	2	0.2%
0.4	2	0.2%
0.42	3	0.3%
0.43	8	0.7%
0.44	8	0.7%
0.45	7	0.6%
0.46	10	0.9%
0.47	15	1.3%
0.48	27	2.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	1	0.1%
1.98	1	0.1%
1.62	1	0.1%
1.61	1	0.1%
1.59	1	0.1%
1.56	1	0.1%
1.36	3	0.3%
1.34	1	0.1%
1.33	1	0.1%
1.31	1	0.1%

alcohol
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	63
Distinct (%)	5.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	10.44186421

Minimum	8.4
Maximum	14.9
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	8.4
5-th percentile	9.2
Q1	9.5
median	10.2
Q3	11.2
95-th percentile	12.5
Maximum	14.9
Range	6.5
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.7

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.099889774
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1053346177
Kurtosis	0.1194272189
Mean	10.44186421
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.8
Skewness	0.8595552817
Sum	11893.28333
Variance	1.209757516
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9.5	86	7.6%
9.4	81	7.1%
9.2	58	5.1%
10	55	4.8%
9.3	53	4.7%
9.8	49	4.3%
10.5	41	3.6%
9.7	40	3.5%
9.6	39	3.4%
10.2	38	3.3%
Other values (53)	599	52.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8.4	2	0.2%
8.5	1	0.1%
8.7	2	0.2%
9	13	1.1%
9.05	1	0.1%
9.1	19	1.7%
9.2	58	5.1%
9.233333333	1	0.1%
9.25	1	0.1%
9.3	53	4.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
14.9	1	0.1%
14	5	0.4%
13.6	4	0.4%
13.56666667	1	0.1%
13.5	1	0.1%
13.4	3	0.3%
13.3	3	0.3%
13.2	1	0.1%
13.1	2	0.2%
13	4	0.4%

quality
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	6
Distinct (%)	0.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	5.608428446

Minimum	3
Maximum	8
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3
5-th percentile	4
Q1	5
median	6
Q3	6
95-th percentile	7
Maximum	8
Range	5
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.8433337723
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1503689992
Kurtosis	0.3709331376
Mean	5.608428446
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	0.1631298923
Sum	6388
Variance	0.7112118514
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=6)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5	480	42.1%
6	442	38.8%
7	138	12.1%
4	53	4.7%
8	16	1.4%
3	10	0.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3	10	0.9%
4	53	4.7%
5	480	42.1%
6	442	38.8%
7	138	12.1%
8	16	1.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8	16	1.4%
7	138	12.1%
6	442	38.8%
5	480	42.1%
4	53	4.7%
3	10	0.9%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	df_index	fixed acidity	volatile acidity	citric acid	residual sugar	chlorides	free sulfur dioxide	total sulfur dioxide	density	pH	sulphates	alcohol	quality
0	1	7.8	0.880	0.00	2.6	0.098	25.0	67.0	0.9968	3.20	0.68	9.8	5
1	2	7.8	0.760	0.04	2.3	0.092	15.0	54.0	0.9970	3.26	0.65	9.8	5
2	3	11.2	0.280	0.56	1.9	0.075	17.0	60.0	0.9980	3.16	0.58	9.8	6
3	5	7.4	0.660	0.00	1.8	0.075	13.0	40.0	0.9978	3.51	0.56	9.4	5
4	6	7.9	0.600	0.06	1.6	0.069	15.0	59.0	0.9964	3.30	0.46	9.4	5
5	7	7.3	0.650	0.00	1.2	0.065	15.0	21.0	0.9946	3.39	0.47	10.0	7
6	8	7.8	0.580	0.02	2.0	0.073	9.0	18.0	0.9968	3.36	0.57	9.5	7
7	10	6.7	0.580	0.08	1.8	0.097	15.0	65.0	0.9959	3.28	0.54	9.2	5
8	12	5.6	0.615	0.00	1.6	0.089	16.0	59.0	0.9943	3.58	0.52	9.9	5
9	13	7.8	0.610	0.29	1.6	0.114	9.0	29.0	0.9974	3.26	1.56	9.1	5

Last rows

	df_index	fixed acidity	volatile acidity	citric acid	residual sugar	chlorides	free sulfur dioxide	total sulfur dioxide	density	pH	sulphates	alcohol	quality
1129	1587	5.8	0.610	0.11	1.8	0.066	18.0	28.0	0.99483	3.55	0.66	10.9	6
1130	1588	7.2	0.660	0.33	2.5	0.068	34.0	102.0	0.99414	3.27	0.78	12.8	6
1131	1589	6.6	0.725	0.20	7.8	0.073	29.0	79.0	0.99770	3.29	0.54	9.2	5
1132	1590	6.3	0.550	0.15	1.8	0.077	26.0	35.0	0.99314	3.32	0.82	11.6	6
1133	1591	5.4	0.740	0.09	1.7	0.089	16.0	26.0	0.99402	3.67	0.56	11.6	6
1134	1593	6.8	0.620	0.08	1.9	0.068	28.0	38.0	0.99651	3.42	0.82	9.5	6
1135	1594	6.2	0.600	0.08	2.0	0.090	32.0	44.0	0.99490	3.45	0.58	10.5	5
1136	1595	5.9	0.550	0.10	2.2	0.062	39.0	51.0	0.99512	3.52	0.76	11.2	6
1137	1597	5.9	0.645	0.12	2.0	0.075	32.0	44.0	0.99547	3.57	0.71	10.2	5
1138	1598	6.0	0.310	0.47	3.6	0.067	18.0	42.0	0.99549	3.39	0.66	11.0	6

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows